Seven states, and look at what actually happened in each city that tried it: the tip line disappears and a "service charge" appears, and the staff get some of it, sometimes, after the owner. You didn't abolish tipping. You renamed it and moved it up the org chart!

Gently — the service-charge thing is real in some cities, but DC voted in 2022 to phase out the tip credit and most places are still trading. Closures got blamed on it in the papers and the actual data was muddier than either side wanted. I don't have a clean number to give you and I'd be suspicious of anyone who does.